A consideration of the principles and practice that underpin the Early Years Foundation Stage and how the current framework relates to young childrens needs and interests The WritePass Journal

A thought of the standards and practice that support the Early Years Foundation Stage and how the current system identifies with youthful childrens needs and interests Presentation A thought of the standards and practice that support the Early Years Foundation Stage and how the current structure identifies with youthful childrens needs and interests ) derives that such a methodology could have positive longitudinal ramifications for the youngster, including improved scholarly fulfillment and maintenance of information, which is by all accounts a sound basis for such a methodology. While it appears to be basic that the indoor condition ought to be animating psychologically, it might be astute not to disregard the enthusiastic part of it.â Again, the key laborer is at the focal point of giving the glow required in an empowering situation. Nutbrown and Page (2008) affirm that they should demonstrate warm reactions to the kids under their mind and respond well to them. Basically, an empowering situation is comprised of the segments of appropriate and animating indoor and open air regions, which the key laborer is focal in keeping up and encouraging. Rule 4-Children create and learn in various manners and rates The last guideline upheld by the EYFS structure is maybe increasingly worried about the insight of youngsters, despite the fact that it alludes to their social and enthusiastic improvement to some degree. In any case, Katz (1988, as refered to in Carr, 2001, p.21) speculates that every kid has a certain ‘disposition’, something which is particular from learning; it is concerned more with how they respond to specific circumstances and the propensities they receive and do all the time. In a later record, Katz (1993) expounds that demeanors in small kids are regularly gained from those around or the earth they are brought up in or took care of, which appears to resound with Bandura’s (1977) hypothesis of displaying referenced before in the task. Katz (1993) additionally verbalizes that demeanors are reinforced when they are recognized and endeavors are made to proceed with them (especially in the event that they are acceptable propensities), which appears to accentua te the significance of regarding the youngster as a person. It appears to be clear that all kids learn and create in various manners, as prove by the contention above. Be that as it may, a guess could be made that there might be sure techniques which a professional or laborer can execute which will bring about youngsters forming into reasonable and develop grown-ups. One manner by which to do this is to develop a child’s strength in their capacity to finish an errand or attempt another activity.â Children may surrender in the event that they see the assignment to be past their abilities and not stretch out themselves to finish this. This could be a characteristic reaction from the youngster (especially if the undertaking is disproportionate with their range of abilities) or it could be something that they have learned after some time. Dweck (1975: 673) terms this as ‘learned helplessness’, where a kid constantly surrenders despite a difficult assignment or affliction, potentially due to an absence of reaction from the gr own-up in urging the kid to finish the undertaking and drive forward. Joining the opinions communicated by Katz and the contention above, could be basic in helping youngsters to advance fittingly, especially when confronted with new circumstances and tasks.â Siraj-Blatchford et al. (2002) deduced in their Researching Effective Pedagogy in the Early Years (REPEY) study that mutual supported reasoning was urgent in helping a youngster to handle new issues and persevere. This is characterized as at least two people (with at any rate one grown-up ‘facilitator’) cooperating to finish an errand, in spite of the fact that the creators stress that every individual ought to be effectively adding to the undertaking, and that there must be a movement towards a possible arrangement, regardless of whether that is arrived at straight away. This corresponds with Vygotsky’s (1977) hypothesis of intellectual turn of events, which sets that a kid will upgrade their zone of proximal turn of events (the contrast between what they can do all alone and with assistance) on the off chance that they are upheld by a progressively learned other, for example, a grown-up or increasingly skilled peer.â Both contentions recommend that coordinated effort among grown-ups and kids is fundamental to promote the child’s advancement, albeit again the way where this is done ought to be special to the youngster by utilizing addressing which is proper to the child’s level of subjective turn of events (Bloom et al., 1956). End The method of reasoning which supports the EYFS structure is the need to regard the youngster as a special individual and think about their needs finally, in an intellectual, passionate, social and physical sense to encourage ideal improvement in them. There are a few different ways to guarantee this, including the earth is animating and suitable enough for the child’s needs, that they approach a huge number of exercises, that the key specialist has a warm and satisfying relationship with the youngster and that they urged to build up a development mentality and drive forward with testing errands with the help of another grown-up. Seemingly, if a childcare supplier follows the entirety of the activities above and sticks to the EYFS structure, at that point this ought to take into consideration youngsters to advance to the ideal degree of improvement and development. References Bandura, A. (1977) Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Sprout, B. S., Engelhart, M. D., Furst, E. J., Hill, W. H. also, Krathwohl, D. R. (1956) Taxonomy of instructive destinations: The order of instructive objectives. Handbook I: Cognitive area. New York: David McKay Company. Bowlby, J. (1951) ‘Maternal Care and Mental Health.’ World Health Organization Monograph. Bowlby, J. (1953) Child Care and the Growth of Love. London: Penguin Books. Bruner, J. S. (1961) ‘The demonstration of discovery’. Harvard Educational Review, 31 (1): 21â€32. Carr, M. (2001) Assessment in Early Childhood Settings. London: SAGE. Division for Family, Education and Skills (2004) Every Child Matters. [Online]. Accessible at: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130401151715/https://www.education.gov.uk/distributions/standard/publicationdetail/page1/dfes/1081/2004 (Accessed: 24 November 2014). Office for Education (2010) Social and enthusiastic parts of learning (SEAL) program in auxiliary schools: national assessment. [Online]. Accessible at: https://www.gov.uk/government/distributions/social-and-passionate parts of-learning-seal-program-in-optional schools-national-assessment (Accessed: 24 November 2014). Office for Education (2013a) Improving the quality and scope of training and childcare from birth to 5 years. [Online]. Accessible at: https://www.gov.uk/government/strategies/improving-the-quality-and-scope of-instruction and-childcare-from-birth-to-5-years/supporting-pages/early-years-establishment stage (Accessed: 24 November 2014). Office for Education (2013b) Early years results: A non-legal guide for professionals and examiners to help illuminate understanding regarding youngster advancement through the early years. [Online]. Accessible at: https://www.gov.uk/government/transfers/framework/transfers/attachment_data/document/237249/Early_Years_Outcomes.pdf (Accessed: 24 November 2014). Office for Education (2014) Early years establishment stage system. [Online]. Accessible at: https://www.gov.uk/government/distributions/early-years-establishment stage-framework2 (Accessed: 24 November 2014). Dweck, C.S. (1975) ‘The job of desires and attributions in the lightening of scholarly helplessness.’ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31: 674-685. Dweck, C. (2006) Mindset: The New Psychology of Success. New York: Ballantine Books. Elfer, P., Goldschmied, E. also, Selleck, D. (2003) Key Persons in the Nursery: Building connections for quality arrangement. London: David Fulton. Garrick, R., Bath, C., Dunn, K., Maconochie, H., Willis, B. also, Claire Wolstenholme (2010) Children’s encounters of the Early Years Establishment Stage. DfE: London. Gardner, H. (2004) Changing Minds: The craftsmanship and study of changing our own and different people groups minds. Harvard Business School Press. Gov. UK (2014) Free early instruction and childcare. [Online]. Accessible at: https://www.gov.uk/free-early-training (Accessed: 24 November 2014). Katz, L.G. (1988) ‘What Should Young Children Be Doing?’ American Educator: The Professional Journal of the American Federation of Teachers: 29-45. Katz, L. (1993) Dispositions: Definitions and suggestions for youth rehearses. ERIC Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early Childhood Education. Nutbrown, C. also, Page, J. (2008) Working with Babies and Children Under Three. London: Sage. Piaget, J. (1952) The Origin of Intelligence in Children. New York: International University Press, Inc. Siraj-Blatchford, I., Sylva, K., Muttock, S., Gilden, R. also, Bell, D. (2002) Researching Effective Pedagogy in the Early Years (REPEY) DfES Research Report 365. HMSO London: Queen’s Printer. Steel, N. (2012) Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning. New York: Springer. Sylva, K., Melhuish, E., Sammons, P., Siraj-Blatchford I. also, Taggart, B. (2004) The Effective Provision of Pre-School Education (EPPE) Project: Final report. London: DfES and Institute of Education, University of London. Vygotsky, L. S. (1978) Mind in the public arena: The improvement of higher mental procedures. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

Human Resource Management in UK Hotel Industry

Human Resource Management in UK Hotel Industry 1 Introduction Human Resource Management is a reliable and beneficial methodology towards the administration of workers who are ‘valued advantages for the association. Furthermore, overseeing clever people requires a steady adjusting between meeting the human goals of the individuals and meeting the vital and monetary needs of the business. Henceforth connecting the HRM all the more expressly to the key objectives to improve the business and cultivate advancement and adaptability, along these lines fills the general need. Through most ideal use and utilization of HR arrangements in the association, duty can be urged therefore prompting better execution, improve staff mentality and lower work turnover, this is the perfect point of the human asset rehearses which has been contended to disregard the way that HR authorities and line directors majorly affect how these HR strategies are actualized at the inns and whether all the HR rehearses are all around appropriate. Human asset the board is the methods organizations consolidate to keep up a compelling workforce to meet operational necessities. It is the authoritative capacity that manages issues identified with individuals, for example, remuneration, recruiting, organization, association advancement, representative inspiration, health, benefits, wellbeing, correspondence, execution the board, and preparing. Human asset rehearses executed in an association are utilized for enrollment, determination; preparing and advancement, reward the executives, execution evaluation and so forth. Human Resource Management deliberately oversees individuals and work place condition and culture. Powerful HRM rehearses empower representatives to contribute successfully and beneficially towards the fulfillment of the associations objectives and goals encourages generally speaking organization crucial. HRM rehearses are one of the channels of correspondence for an association with its representatives it comprises of the real projects, procedures and strategies. It passes on with respect to what the association wants as important and fitting practices. The laborers on gathering of such a message develop their own unmistakable recognitions and through a self-appraisal (assessment) process thusly shape their disposition and conduct. For example, if an association executed a preparation program for their laborers, it will create laborers information, abilities and capacity, and in this manner develop better worker duty because of mollified involvement in the association; in any case, such connection may now and again be deluding or flighty for example despite the fact that a few representatives may think this preparation as valuable and perceive the usage of hierarchical HRM rehearses, however in actuality, different laborers may consider the to be as non-successful and see it as a dif ficulty that hamper their customary work timetable, consequently this may work in a unintended path by cutting down their fulfillment with the association and adversely impact their responsibility. This is the very motivation behind why representatives singular view plays as an imperative delegate in the relationship between authoritative HRM rehearses and the genuine divulgence of workers standpoint and practices. In this way, starting here of view, one can contend that HRM rehearses in its overwhelming impact modify a representatives full of feeling responsibility, by first impinging upon their impression of authoritative HRM rehearses and therefore further adjust or change their passionate duty towards the association. That is the reason, by the methods for usage of high-duty HRM rehearses, for example serious preparing and improvement, elevated level of pay, advancement from inside, socialization, and so on persuade the workers that the associations reason for existing is in sim ilarity with their understanding, and it encroaches upon them to respond with cutting edge duty and more grounded concession to commit and place in for the association. Along these lines this examination will attempt to build up a relationship between's HR rehearses and their impacts on worker responsibility. The HR rehearses that will be inspected in the exploration will be Selection and Recruitment Process, Training and Development programs, Performance the board, Reward the board and modern work relations. These are a portion of the principle HR rehearses followed by the inns focusing on the more dedicated group. Be that as it may, the specialist is keen on knowing whether these HR rehearses truly bring about progressively dedicated representatives. Also, on the off chance that these HR rehearses truly bring about submitted representatives, at that point is it all around material in all nations of the world or a wide range of enterprises. These are a portion of the inquiries that have energized the analyst in leading this exploration. 1.1 Research Aim The point of this thesis is to inspect the HR rehearses actualized in UK inns and their effect on representative responsibility. 1.2 Objective The destinations of this examination were to:- Inspect the present HR rehearses pervasive in UK inns. Assessing these present HR rehearses against the current writing to see if they coordinate or not. Assessing the components prompting worker responsibility and what number of elements stop by leading HR rehearses in the organization. 2 Literature audit 2.1 Philosophy of Human Resource Management Human Resource Management is moving its customary position from staff, organization, and value-based jobs, which are as a rule progressively redistributed. HRM is presently centering increasingly more towards enhancing the key abuse of workers and that representative improvement programs sway the business in substantial terms. This new methodology towards upset in HRM includes vital heading and HRM measurements and estimations in substantial terms to check the impact of these practices. A portion of the HRM rehearses concentrated in this task are determination, benefits, preparing, execution input, correspondence frameworks, standard working strategies (SOPs) and worker support. David E. Visitor (1987) says that human asset the executives is the device for fulfillment of the administrative targets in the associations that have acknowledged the requirement for the ideal usage of human asset to accomplish upper hand and remain suitable in their organizations. The essential goal of HRM is amalgamation of companys crucial objective with the HR rehearses. David E. Visitor contends that detailing of a far reaching corporate system is a main consideration that chooses the proceeding with business accomplishment of any organization.For developed chiefs human asset arranging isn't only a principal segment of key arranging, however fairly spills out of it. This holds particularly obvious in todays setting where the achievement of the way toward acclimating to change warrants a raising degree of individual and gathering cooperation, for the consistent joining of HR into the vital plans. HRM likewise centers to achieve representative responsibility, this includes characterization of the sort of duty required for example attitudinal, social. Duty of a representative can be at various levels it could be towards the association, to his activity, for singular professional success and various such like things. Responsibility in a representatives setting can be characterized as endorsement of big business crucial objectives, and could be reflected in conduct received by him/her that assists these objectives. David further recommends that hypothetically the blend of authoritative duty and occupation related social responsibility establishes a high level of worker fulfillment, persuades them for superior, longer residency with their associations and sets them up to energetically acknowledge changes. The third objective of key HRM is to practice adaptability and flexibility, which fundamentally makes an interpretation of into the capacity to oversee change and development and to respond quickly to changing business sector requests and changes. In this manner emerges a requirement for a HRM approach which is good to change at all degrees of the association, a course of action which is commonsense not bureaucratic, utilitarian and versatile, with a nonappearance of unbending occupation divisions and with fit for practical adaptability for example adaptable abilities and inspiration to move starting with one task then onto the next. Advancing these is conceivable possibly as indicated by David if the representatives at all levels display a high level of hierarchical responsibility, their trust towards the authoritative strategies and have significant levels of inborn inspiration. Accomplishing and keeping up all out quality is the fourth objective of HRM. This features the significance of strategies and practices to enroll, improvement and maintenance of talented and adaptable representatives, and the definition of built up execution norms and execution methodology. This can be further partition into two more extensive objectives for example building an incorporated authoritative culture and accomplishing and keeping up upper hand through the dynamic utilization of HR. Visitor (2002) has contended that the impact of human asset the board rehearses on generally speaking execution of a firm will rely on reaction of the representatives to the actualized HRM rehearses; in this way the effect will be pretty much an interpretation of the impression of HRM rehearses by the worker. Wood (1999) and Guest (2002) have worried upon the need to fabricate a capable, submitted and exceptionally included work power is the one required for best execution of business technique. Huselid (1995) found that the adequacy of representatives is straightforwardly identified with the effect of HRM rehearses on conduct of the workforce. Patterson et al (1997) while contending about the impact of human asset the board rehearses on business execution have said that HR rehearses in choice and preparing impact execution by giving suitable aptitudes. HR rehearses potently affect execution regardless of whether it simply estimated as far as in general profitability. Huselid (1995) focused on that the appropriation of best practices in choice will prompt I

Burger King Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Burger King - Case Study Example The business additionally tested responses from genuine clients who were offered an elective burger from contender marks after they had set requests for the whopper burger from Burger King. This business circulated around the web on the web and further its prevalence was upgraded by TV plugs and adverts on the web and in print. The mix of the online viral and TV crusades is for sure the virtuoso part in Burger King’s â€Å"Whopper Freakout† promoting effort. This advertising technique caught bigger markets than on the web or TV crusades, each utilized all alone, would catch (Eick). The TV advertisement was seen by a large number of individuals and the promoting message came to the ordinary whopper bugger fan as well as such a significant number of others who might start to lean toward the whopper burger to other brand burgers. Burger King’s usage of the â€Å"Whopper Freakout† TV ad in key openings, for example, during breaks in significant games competiti ons was another virtuoso move that caught the consideration of various Burger King’s male clients and sports lovers who were devotees of the whopper bugger. The online crusade as the viral video was likewise another splendid move by Burger King. Albeit very unique in idea than other viral recordings, the â€Å"Whopper Freakout† online battle produced over 1.3 million perspectives on the first 7.5 moment video (Eick). Responses from genuine clients in the video â€Å"hit home† more for watchers whose responses to a great extent ran between expanded unwaveringness to the whopper bugger and enthusiasm for it from crowds who had not recently requested the whopper bugger (Eick). It is likewise evident that Burger King’s â€Å"Whopper Freakout† battle additionally hit the imprint when buzz made from the TV and online crusades served to create more enthusiasm on the video posted on Burger King’s whopperfreakout.com site and on YouTube. The achievem ent of this advertising effort can likewise be seen on examination of how mainstream online scans for the catchphrases â€Å"whopper burger† and different words identified with this item were in the period following the dispatch of the battle. While thinking about online insights, this advertising effort is effectively named as splendid dependent on how its online ubiquity, not long after the crusade was propelled, positioned higher than the online prevalence of one of the 2008 U.S top presidential applicants, Hillary Clinton, at a similar time of a pinnacle political occasion. The hits for the â€Å"Whopper Freakout† video on whopperfreakout.com were positioned over the hits on hillaryclinto.com from individuals scanning for data on this presidential competitor (Eick). On negative investigation, could Burger King’s promoting effort have publicized the whopper burger such a great amount to the loss of fame of different items in its chain? Quite possibly this cou ld have been the end result of the â€Å"Whopper Freakout† battle. It could likewise show that Burger King accomplished its showcasing objective of demonstrating that the whopper burger was vital to the American nourishment culture. Burger King’s â€Å"Whopper Freakout† battle gave a totally different importance to viral promoting and what it can accomplish for a business and its items. From the Burger King case just as from a whole advertising viewpoint, viral promoting has its upsides and downsides. Viral showcasing is an extraordinary route for a business to pick up introduction

Tips For Enrolling in The Exhibits of a Diagnostic Essay Course

Tips For Enrolling in The Exhibits of a Diagnostic Essay CourseThe contents of samples of a diagnostic essay, a relatively new type of pre-med course, may seem to you like basic information: background, facts, etc. Of course, that's part of the logic behind samples, which makes it easy for anyone to get started with this type of course.What you might not realize is that many people are beginning to see this new type of pre-med course as a way to take a class but also make the experience exciting and fun one. The big advantage of these courses is that they are based on real-life situations and have clinical elements in them. With samples of a diagnostic essay, you'll be able to immerse yourself in the world of healthcare and you'll find a course that's extremely interesting and engaging. It will also allow you to learn much more quickly than you can otherwise in your other pre-med courses.In this regard, these types of courses are better than your typical informational textbook, becau se you can really put in the information that you need to learn, which in turn can make you as a student come out much more prepared than you would have been if you had read a standard, text-based material. Also, by making the reading so interesting, you're going to learn much more. You can really slow down the process and get to know the person behind the medical issues.Of course, though, you need to ensure that the material you're using is well-researched and the samples of a diagnostic essay are used only to help you with your medical knowledge. By providing a sample of a diagnostic essay, you're basically holding your own physician to a higher standard of medical knowledge than they're probably used to.To ensure that you're doing your best, you'll need to go to your college or academic dean, who may have the opportunity to provide you with recommendations of courses that you can take after completing this pre-medcourse. If you meet the requirements, you may be able to finish thi s course in as little as three semesters, or two years. If you decide to take a more traditional course, say medicine, you could complete it in four semesters, or one year.But if you do go ahead and complete the pre-med course, don't forget to develop a strong support system and a plan of action in case you do decide to continue your pre-med career. You'll be able to go into medical school with a solid foundation in your areas of study and practice. However, for others who don't want to devote time and effort to this course, there are other options available to them.There are other pre-med courses on the market, such as the Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) pre-med program and the Psychology Pre-Med program, that you can enroll in. As you start getting more experience in the field, you'll be able to look at these more specialized programs and decide what would be the best course for you.

Peruvian Development Profile - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2335 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Management Essay Level High school Tags: Profile Essay Did you like this example? This paper intends to provide historical context to the push and pull factors that would prompt the average Peruvian citizen to immigrate from their birth nation to the United States, and view those factors through the lens of Marx analysis of the effect of private property on the formation of socioeconomic classes from The Communist Manifesto. Marx and Engels argue that the abolition of private property is fundamentally necessary to the creation of a communist society (Marx 1848: 22). This is based on the notion that private property is the final and most complete expression of the system of producing and appropriating products, that is based on class antagonisms, on the exploitation of the many by the few, emphasizing that the act of owning land is not in itself producing any value to society (Marx 1848: 22). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Peruvian Development Profile" essay for you Create order Rather, the value produced by land comes as a result of the labor done on or with it, meaning the laborers are producing the wealth that, due to property ownership, the landowner then receives. The allowance of private property within a society, in Marx view, is itself the cause of the formation of socioeconomic classes†a system which places those who own the land perpetually above those who do not, and leaves those who do not in a position of relative powerlessness. The following historical contextualizations will demonstrate how Marx analysis of the effect of private property on the formation of socioeconomic classes helps to explain current and recent realities within Peru. Between 1970 and 1990 Peru faced a serious economic crisis which economists and historians attribute largely to the intense volatility in the domestic and global economy of its extraction-based economic growth model†the same model first established with the colonial extraction of silver and gold (Thorp 1987: 1). This economic crisis, and the sociopolitical realities and opportunities surrounding it which will be detailed below, was the primary cause of the immigration of Luis in the Immigration Narrative paper. Due to Perus geographic location and extractive resource industries utilizing outdated and unsafe practices, rural and underdeveloped regions of the nation are particularly susceptible to environmental catastrophes such as mud slides, fires, flooding, and intense periodic food insecurity. Worse yet, the government looks the other way as state-run and international resource extraction companies continue to destroy the environment and cause serious health crises within these rural regions. Environmental catastrophes have ravaged Peru for the last 45 years. The US company Occidental, Argentinian/Dutch Pluspetrol, Chinese National Petroleum Corporation, and Canadian Frontera Energy have all actively contributed to the contamination of Perus natural habitats and rural communities. The contaminated rivers, streams, lakes, lagoons, soils, gardens, game, [and] fish have contributed to epidemics, miscarriages, skin diseases, diarrhea and deaths predominantly impacting native populations (Hill 2017). Rights have been trampled over and ignored protest criminalized, communities divided, forest and spiritual sites destroyed, thousands of outsiders brought in as laborers, confidence in government eroded, and economic dependency fostered (Hill 2017). To survive in areas now without many of their natural sources of income, many have been forced into poorer working conditions in extractive companies and prostitution, which has resulted in alcoholism, suicide, and rampant STIs. 1.1 mi llion hectares of land have been declared environmental and health emergencies in the Corrientes, Maranon, and Tigre basins in 2013 and 2014, and hundreds of thousands more have been excluded from this declaration despite being equally contaminated (Hill 2017). Those that actually live and rely on the land for their survival are ignored and hold no power over its use, yet those that control the private property are permitted to utilize it for whatever means, regardless of the impact on the residents. Marx noted that the same problems of land ownership begetting economic inequality will be true of agriculture, which also suffers from the pressure of private property and is held back by the division of privately-owned land, which has prevented rural access to the industry. It can then be seen that those most effected by environmental destruction and unregulated industries are the rural, predominantly native, citizens. These are, by and large, the descendants of natives and non-whites who were never permitted land ownership in the same sense as the ruling Spaniards. The class system Marx describes as developing with the property-owning elite at the top, then, developed along racial lines within Peruvian society, placing white Spaniards at the top and natives at the bottom, and continue to form contemporary social, economic, and political realities within the nation. Neither in declaring its independence in 1824 nor in the recreation of the Republic of Peru in 1839 did the Peruvian government move to establish a strong, independent judiciary, or freedom of speech, press, and assembly†failures that prevented the nation from placing legitimate checks on corruption in the executive (Goldenberg 2017, Freedom 2017). In 1993, the Peruvian Constitution was amended to add protections for the freedom of press, though this has not prevented public figures from placing significant pressure on reporters to prevent the publicizing of news threatening the continuation of their power (Freedom 2017). The result of a lack of a truly free press and checks on corruption is the continued allowance of officials to influence rural growth patterns in their political and economic favor regardless of safety concerns raised. The race-based class structure continued through the post-colonial era and the initial divide, though slowly closed by ongoing political action , formed differing economic, sociocultural, and political realities between rural/native and urban/non-native populations. Natives and rural-dwelling citizens are thus significantly less likely to have a voice in both local and high-level governance, permitting politicians to easily disenfranchise them without serious repercussions. Peru has faced rampant corruption since the start of its fight for independence in 1821, with Presidential candidates garnering funding from foreign nationals and nations including the United States, Venezuela, and Argentina (Goldenberg 2017). Further, five of Perus most recent executives are currently in prison or are active fugitives from justice. Francisco Morales Bermudez, Perus military dictator who ruled from 1975 to 1980, is currently serving a sentence of life imprisonment for his role in the deaths of 23 people during the events of Operation Condor†an American-backed operation of political repression and state-imposed terror, and a prime example of how foreign influences have hindered Peruvian democratic and independent growth (Goldenberg 2017). Alberto Fujimori, Perus leader from 1990 to 2000 who closed the Congress, suspended the constitution, and purged the judiciary in a Presidential coup to increase his power was sentenced in 2009 to 25 years in jail for human rig hts violationsand later convicted of embezzlement and corruption (Levitsky 1999, Goldenberg 2017). President Alejandro Toldeo, who served from 2001 to 2006, currently faces extradition charges due to allegations that he accepted high-level bribes from the construction company Odebrecht†the same company that later bribed President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski (2016-2018), who currently resides in prison for accepting bribes and attempting to purchase votes. Kuczynski is also remembered for pardoning President Fujimori in 2017. President from 2011-2016, Ollanta Humala Tasso is currently in the same prison as his wife and Toledo while being investigated on money-laundering and conspiracy charges in addition to extrajudicial killings during his time as an army captain in the 1990s (Goldenberg 2017). The only living former head of state not incriminated so far is Alan Garcia, who has a legendary reputation for corruption and is currently being investigated for financial irregularities bet ween himself and, again, the construction company Odenbrecht. Most historians believe similar if not greater levels of corruption to be evident in a majority of administrations going back to the nations founding, though a lack of information and even fewer oversight mechanisms prevented them from incrimination. Politicians with overwhelming power over rural lands frequently resettle populations to environmentally unsafe and economically useless regions intentionally as a means of manipulating and garnering their votes (Hill 2017). This leads to a cyclical reliance on governmental support as rural communities are moved by politicians due to a lack of stable sources of income, put in regions unsafe due to both environmental and health-related disasters, then had their votes manipulated by a lack of access to free information and actual fraudulent voting, only to be moved again to restart the process. The result is poor, native, underrepresented, and rural citizens becoming the most impacted by natural disasters and the least able to access assistance. It is then clear that Perus executives, elected by urban populations often misinformed by manipulated media and rural populations whose votes are manipulated by candidates regularly, trend towards personal and macroeconomic interests over those of the people. This trend led to drastic income inequality and is rooted in a failed colonial empire, over-reliance on resource extraction, and a lack of strong checks on authority†all of which having created a system incentivizing the prioritization of self-interest over that of the people (Thorp 1987: 360). The lack of a right to protest has been, arguably, most notable in native communities that have been historically subjugated and recently deprived of any practical access to their contractual rights to free, prior, and informed consent over requests to access and utilize resources on their lands (Hill 2017). Though most notable in rural communities, Peruvians from almost all regions, income levels, and races see this rampant politic al corruption at the top of their federal government as undemocratic and continuing†prompting many to leave in hopes of finding a nation with an accessible government responsive to their needs. The primary methods of recourse for those forced to the bottom of the class system†political representation, protest, and publication†are inhibited, making it only more difficult to escape the rigid structure. The first of these recourses, political representation, is minimized clearly as a result of an intense power dynamic between rural residents and the urban politicians who govern them. In Marx view, this power gap comes as a result of the governing owning the land, and thus controlling the residency and habitat of the residents†a problem that exists as a result of centuries of racial systems built around private property ownership. Similarly, the rights to protest and free speech are vital in general, though much more so for those who lack political representation †the same group which, in Peru, have the least access to them as a result of geographic location and class structure. Massey and Denton detail in their book, ? ¬? ¬? ¬? ¬? ¬American Apartheid: Segregation and Making the Underclass, how racially segregated housing was manufactured by whites through a series of self-conscious actions and purposeful institutional arrangements that continue today (Massey, 1993). The impact of this is cyclical poverty, lower average voter turnout, increased crime and death rates, and lower rates of education. This practice effectively mirrors that of Perus rural shuffling†while the nation focuses on macroeconomic growth, it diverts its attention from ongoing racial segregation in housing that prevents upward class mobility in racial minorities and maintains the race-based class structure (Massey, 1993). This, however, is not the perception immigrants have of the United States when they are pulled towards it. Rather, immigrants perceive the U.S. as, in large part, having moved beyond the race-related issues of its past and of their countries present. This perception then pulls them towards the United States, despite similar issues existing, meaning the pull factor is not due to an objective reality but rather the reality perceived by the immigrant relative to their home or alternative options. Similarly, the desire to garner sociopolitical stability by leaving their home and coming to the U.S. is based on a lack of corruption†another conceptualization of the nation that is not entirely accurate, though obvious in relative relation to Peru. Coming from Peru to the United States, then, provided a stark contrast in socioeconomic class structure as, despite similar racial hierarchy issues, significant blockades on political corruption prevent contemporary, long-term, outright disenfranchisement from taking shape on the scale perceivable in Peruvian democracy. In addition, the large swaths of land available as the country expanded west permitted a larger percentage of the population to obtain private property. Though many of the same issues exist in the U.S., the extent to which they are the actively reproduced in the modern era is significantly lower, though, as detailed above, clearly still extant. In coming to the U.S., Peruvian immigrants, though likely expecting or hoping for a stark contrast with the race-based class relations in their home, would unfortunately be inclined to see very similar forms of hierarchy. Native Americans would still experience the worst of public infrastructure and representation, though for d ifferent reasons. Rural populations would still be more susceptible to disease, natural disaster, and economic crises, though they would arguably demonstrate a sharp contrast with Peruvian rural residents underrepresentation as rural Americans exercise disproportionately high representation in the federal government due to the structure of the U.S. Senate and Electoral College process. Finally, a system of private property ownership which began prior to the legalization or feasibility of land ownership by racial minorities, in addition to a long history of legalized subjugation and segregation, has created a race-based class system that, though distinct from Perus, offers striking similarities. The primary distinction, however, is that the Caucasian Spanish-descendants that would tend to reside in the middle or upper classes in Peru†due to historical land ownership and current racial hierarchies†would face a much more significant uphill battle in the United States where the Hispanic ethnic minority group faces serious contemporary pressure from sociopolitical and economic powers. Bibliography Dammert, Anna C. 2007 Child Labor and School Response to Changes in Coca Production in Rural Peru. Journal of Developmental Economics. Goldenberg, Sonia 2017 Does Peru Need a Special Prison Just for Ex-Presidents? New York Times. Aug 7. Hill, David 2017 $1bn to Clean up the Oil in Perus Northern Amazon. Guardian News and Media. Aug 3. Levitsky, Steven 1999 Fujimori and Post-Party Politics in Peru. Journal of Democracy 10.3. Marx, Karl and Engels, Friedrich 1848 Manifesto of the Communist Party. Moscow: Progress Publishers. Massey, Douglas and Denton, Nancy 1993 American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Freedom House 2016 Peru Country Report: Freedom of the Press. 2017 Freedom House. World Bank 2017 Peru Peru: Data. 2017 World Bank Group. Thorp, Rosemary 1987 Trends and Cycles in the Peruvian Economy. Journal of Developmental Economics.

Federal Bureaucracy - 849 Words

Federal Bureaucracy – to what Extent does the President have Control of it? When the framers of the Constitution developed our government, they gave Congress the authority to create the departments necessary to carry out the day-to-day responsibilities of governing - the federal bureaucracy. The vast majority of the departments, agencies, and commissions that make up the federal bureaucracy today were created by Congress through legislative acts. Congress is unable to act in a bubble though, due to the nature of the system’s built-in checks and balances, Congress must first get the president’s â€Å"buy off† which is represented by his signature. Although Congress has the authority to create these agencies (with the president’s agreement†¦show more content†¦However, only about three percent of all federal employees are appointed by the president. Consequently, since the majority of bureaucrats are hired using the merit based system they are not as compelled to be loyal to the president’s will. Under the merit based system, employees cannot be fired simply because they have different political beliefs or don’t adhere to the president’s policy preferences. Thus, although the president has a lot of power, when it comes to the bureaucracy, it can be likened to having just a few cattle herders for thousands of cattle. Not all of the cattle are going to want to go in the same direction and will consequently have a tendency to split or wander off in their own direction despite the desire and drive of the herders. To sum things up – when it comes to the bureaucracy, some of the controls that the president has the authority to use are: appoint and remove agency heads, reorganize the bureaucracy, make changes in budget proposals, reduce an agencys budget, ignore initiatives from the bureaucracy, and issue executive orders. Nonetheless, even with all of the powers and controls that the president possesses, taking into account the sheer magnitude and breadth of the bureaucracy, having complete control over it is not even feasible. 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Handedness and Hemispheric Language Dominance †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Handedness and Hemispheric Language Dominance. Answer: Introduction The principle of symmetry-asymmetry is generally introduced in the basic and functional organization of the living and nonliving nature. A standout amongst the most complex signs of this standard is the left right asymmetry of the mankind brain (Buckingham, Main, Carey, 2006). The expression "brain asymmetry" condenses the neurochemical, anatomical, behavioral and physiological contrasts between the two parts of the brain. As from the end of the twentieth century, the asymmetries in autonomic-physiologic capacities have been incorporated into the domain of researchers, and specifically the neural control of cardiovascular action, endocrine capacities and invulnerability(Tseng Bridgeman, 2011). Over the years, scientists and researchers have come up with various behavioral and neuroanatomical studies with the aim to prove differences between left-handed and right-handed persons (Khosravizadeh Teimournezhad, 2010). Naturally, the human brain is distinctly separated into the left and right hemispheres, with the left hemisphere controlling the right side of the body and vice versa. The hemispheres have been known to specialize in different behavioral functionalities in the human body (Thilers, Macdonald, Herlitz, 2007). For instance, the left hemisphere is dominant for language and analytical thoughts whereas the right hemisphere is dominant for spatial abilities and creativity (Hellige et. al., 1994). This phenomenon also explains the difference in handedness among people, i.e., those with dominant left hemispheres are right-handed, and those with dominant left hemispheres are likely to be left-handed (Cherbuin Brinkman, 2006). Knecht, in his journal, confirms the suspicio n of a systematic association between handedness and dominance (Knecht et. al., 2000). Handedness is one of the best-known and highly studied human asymmetry. Papadatou-Pastou (2011) characterized it as "the person's inclination to utilize one hand predominately for unimanual assignments and additionally the capacity to play out these errands all the more effectively with one hand". Present day people show a wide lateralized hand inclination, with 85 90% of the people being right-handed, so they lean toward their right hand for unimanual activities (Cashmore et al., 2008). The nature of the CogLab Brain Asymmetry experiment used in this study is of a within-participants design, in that all the participants in the experiment were subjected to similar treatments. 192 participant (age above 21 years old) took part in the experiment where an equal representation for both the males and female participants was observed. 96 participants were left-handed while another 96 were right-handed. In terms of visual field 50% (n = 96) had left visual field and the other 50% (n = 96) had right visual field. 69 males and 27 females were left-handed while 69 females and 27 males were right-handed. All participants had normal or corrected-to-normal vision and were nave as to the purpose of the study. The online cognition lab was presented to the participants where they were required to answer set of questions given within 25 minutes. First, the participants were required to state whether they were right-handed or left-handed thereafter they were presented with words in the left fixation point then asked if they have seen the word in the list. The words were shown to them for only 200 ms. There were 56 trials for the participants. The brain asymmetry score for individuals who are left handed and are in the left visual field (M = 0.807, SD = 0.195) was less as compared to the individuals who are right handed and are in the left visual field (M = 0.811, SD = 0.196). Table 1: Descriptive statistics Handedness Mean Std. Deviation N Left visual field Left hand .8068 .19513 96 Right hand .8107 .19611 96 Total .8088 .19512 192 Right visual field Left hand .8311 .17489 96 Right hand .8415 .19624 96 Table 2: Multivariate tests Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Visual Field .073 1.0 .073 5.692 .018 Visual Field * Handedness .001 1.0 .001 .076 .784 Error(Visual Field) 2.433 190.0 .013 A repeated measures ANOVA with a Sphericity assumed correction determined that mean measure_1 differed statistically significantly between visual field different (F(1, 190) = 5.69,p 0.05). However, for the case of the interaction between Visual Field and Handedness we observed that the mean scores for measure_1 were statistically insignificantly different (F(1, 190 = 0.076, p 0.05). From this therefore, we can conclude that a Visual Field (left or right) elicits a statistically significant variation in the brain asymmetry. Table 3: Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Intercept 259.795 1 259.795 4329.036 0 Handedness 0.005 1 0.005 0.081 0.776 Error 11.402 190 0.06 Also done was a one-way between subjects ANOVA to compare the effect of handedness on brain asymmetry for left-handed and right-handed conditions. There was no significant effect of handedness (left-handedness or right-handedness) on brain asymmetry at the 5% level of significance for the two conditions [F(1, 190) = 0.081, p = 0.776]. The main motivation behind this investigation was to build up the impact that handedness has on the visual handling. To achieve this, we tried right-handed as well as left-handed individuals on some an unspeeded visual-segregation assignment that was solely intended to survey the impact that closeness of hand has on perceptual execution in an impartial manner. As past investigations have just proposed, the present outcomes exhibit that visual affectability is improved in close hand space. Given the idea of the errand utilized in this case, which included the short introduction of covered boosts and the nonattendance of speed push, this upgrade presumably emerges at moderately beginning times of perceptual handling, for example, by influencing the tactile nature of visual contribution (for an exchange of this rationale. The absence of any impacts identified with jolt position, notwithstanding, recommends that the hand-assistance impact was not restricted to the closeness or the distance of the hand. This outcome is steady with past perceptions which revealed better change recognition execution at all of their show areas, paying little respect to the separation between the visual change and the hand(s). One clarification for these examples identifies with the thought of question based consideration, which alludes to the finding that consideration spreads inside a protest that has been in part prompted, as opposed to just being apportioned to the quick territory around the sign. Similarly, the contact of the hand with the screen may have caused the upgrade impact to spread to the entire show. Future research will be expected to clarify this issue. Curiously, left-and right-handed did not demonstrate a similar pattern of results and the brain asymmetry for left-handed guys did not compare to a basic reversal of the pattern for the right-handed people. While the two groups demonstrated confirmation of visual improvement when their overwhelming hand was close to the show, their execution varied when their non-prevailing hand was available (both alone and joined by their predominant hand). As we examine beneath, these discoveries are steady with the idea that visual handling in perihand space is dictated by how individuals utilize each of their hands. It is crucial to note that for left-handed participants, sensibility of the visual in both-hands condition was equivalent to that in the non-prevailing hand condition. The way that the assistance impact in the both-hands condition didn't achieve essentialness for left-handers most likely mirrors a slight power issue. More significantly, the contrast amongst right-and left-handers as to the both-hands condition is steady with the way individuals apportion consideration in bimanual coming to. It was previously established that right-handed people had more trouble to restrain a material prompt on their right side than their left hand before a bimanual achieve, which demonstrates that they have an attentional predisposition towards their predominant hand. Left-handed people on the other hand displayed no such inclination. The absence of a solid left-right predisposition in left-handers proposes that they are conceivably confronted with all the more a decision with regards to dispensing c onsideration regarding each of their hands in bimanual circumstances. This could prompt an opposition between the hands that would bring about a type of obstruction impact for left-handed people in their both hands. References Buckingham, G., Main, J. C., Carey, D. P. (2006). Asymmetries in motor attention during a cued bimanual reaching task: Left and right handers compared. 47, 432-440. Cashmore, M., Bond, A., Cobb, D. (2008). The role and functioning of environmental assessment: theoretical reflections upon an empirical investigation of causation. Journal of Environmental Management, 88(4), 123348. Cherbuin, N., Brinkman , C. (2006). Hemispheric interactions are different in left-handed individuals. Neuropsychology, 20(6), 700-707. Federmeier, K. D., Benjamin, A. S. (2005). Hemispheric asymmetries in the time course of recognition memory. Psychonomic Bulletin Review, 12, 993998. Hellige, J. B., Bloch, M. I., Cowin, E. L., Eng, T. L. (1994). Individual variation in hemispheric asymmetry: Multitask study of effects related to handedness and sex. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 123(3), 235-256. Khosravizadeh, P., Teimournezhad, S. (2010). Handedness and Lateralization of the Brain. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience, 2(1), 11-16. Knecht , S., Deppe , M., Bcker , M., Ringelstein , E. B., Henningsen , H. (2000). Regional cerebral blood flow increases during preparation for and processing of sensory stimuli. 116, 30914. Knecht, S. (2000). Handedness and hemispheric language dominance in healthy humans. 123(12), 2512-2518. Papadatou-Pastou. (2011). Incidence of handHandednessedness: A systematic review of laterality among 1.8M individuals. Thilers, P. P., Macdonald, S. W., Herlitz, A. (2007). Sex differences in cognition: The role of handedness. Physiology Behavior, 92(1-2), 105-109. Tseng, P., Bridgeman, B. (2011). Improved change detection with nearby hands. Experimental Brain Research, 209, 257269.

Sacrifice and Love in Captain Corellis Mandolin Essay Example

Sacrifice and Love in Captain Corellis Mandolin Paper Sacrifice may be considered as the act of offering something to a deity in propitiation or homage; especially the ritual slaughter of an animal or person. This is certainly true in Captain Corellis Mandolin. Almost every person in the novel makes some sort of sacrifice which is triggered by the love for their country; their loved ones or for survival and dignity. The largest sacrifice in this novel would have to be the sacrifice that the soldiers make for their country. Whether it be the men in the Julia Division, Bari Division, Acqui Division, the Greeks or Bunnios; they are all risking their lives for their country. By being a patriotic and serving their country, they are expected to make the sacrifice of their lives. The entire Acqui Division is a good example of how men are forced to die for their country. Like Mandras, they are a mere statistic of the ritual slaughtering of war. Their deaths are inevitabilities of this tragedy. Whilst the men of the Acqui Division are being sent to their death there is a strong sense of acceptance as they pray with their heads bowed down to their knees. Because the men have chosen to fight for their country, there is no struggle or fight for their right of survival until the very end when some were praying, weeping or standing in despair. They have lost the right to live because their country lost a war they chose to fight in. Carlo and Francesco have also had their right to live taken away because of their decision to join the army. They were given no choice when used as a catalyst to start a war between Greece and Italy. They were a mere operational necessity; they were Italys sacrifice. We will write a custom essay sample on Sacrifice and Love in Captain Corellis Mandolin specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sacrifice and Love in Captain Corellis Mandolin specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sacrifice and Love in Captain Corellis Mandolin specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They had no choice but to follow orders despite it being against their wish and were only allowed to ask operational questions, not questions of policy. They were expected to sacrifice their lives for their country: we were supposed to be killed. We are Greeks attacking the Italian Army, and were supposed to be dead. As a result of their sacrifice they are given medals but ordered not to wear them. There is no honour and glory in their sacrifice; instead secrecy, betrayal and murder and deceit. Because of the obligatory sacrifices soldiers must give at war, men like Carlo and Mandras are just one more life warped and ruined by war. And as a result it [war] destroyed my patriotism, it changed my ideals, it made me question the whole notion of duty, and it horrified me and made me sad Unlike Carlo and Francesco who were ordered to sacrifice their lives for something immoral and for something they did not believe in; Captain Corelli, the Acqui Division and Father Arsenios are willing to sacrifice for what they do believe in. The Acqui Division voted to resist the Germans based on the fact that the time had come for them to do something right. They therefore knowingly resist the Germans despite the knowledge of the consequences. Corelli too makes his own sacrifice because he had to be with his boys and because of what he strongly believes in. To carry out his beliefs even further, Corelli chooses to have the honour of being court-martialled alongside General Gandin if necessary. By consciously taking this step he knows the risks he is about to take: his life and never seeing Pelagia again. Yet he is still willing to make these sacrifices and Pelagia in light of this, understandingly but reluctantly says, Honour and common sense; in light of the other, both of them are ridiculous. Father Arsenios too sacrifices for the same beliefs that Corelli has: Anti-Nazism. Father Arsenios drunkenness, greed and indolence was absolved by the war and in the end, he sacrifices his health, and later, life, by taunting the German soldiers as they burn the Italians dead. He becomes a skeleton stretched with skin and burned with sores. Father Arsenios has transformed from a man of venial[ity], a glutton, a would-be lecher, a relentless seeker of alms and offerings, an anthropomorphized promissory note to a saint. Father Arsenios, like Captain Corelli and the Acqui Division and even the ELAS and EKAS are all sacrificing their lives for what they believe in. Although each man may be sacrificing for different ideals; they are still giving up the people they love and the things they love for those morals. Whilst not all sacrifices are for the better, some sacrifices in this novel are made for the very right of survival that so many men have been deprived of. Gi nter Weber and Mandras fall under this category. Although both men are in the army and are risking their lives for their country, they have joined the army, like everyone else with the hope that they will not have to make that sacrifice. Weber for example has relinquished his friendship with the Italians as well as his honour in order to survive. Weber seemed to have recognized his fate that he would be the one ordered to kill his friends and unlike many of the Italian soldiers, Weber chose between following his orders or sacrificing his friendship and integrity. Weber chooses to forget his friends and live the rest of his life with guilt. Mandras on the other hand had little choice. Mandras makes more than one sacrifice in this novel but his most life-changing sacrifice is when he chooses to beat the old man when Hector instructs him to. This is a significant point for Mandras because this is when he changes from a family-loving, playful spirit to a Communist, chauvinistic brute. By choosing to become a member of the ELAS, he is sacrificing his beliefs, morality, Pelagia and most importantly, his mother. When Mandras chooses to rape Pelagia, he is breaking away from the women in his life: Pelagia and Drosula. Although Mandras makes sacrifices; he is not a sacrifice. He is a mere statistic of war, like everyone else. And the fact of life that comes into their defense is that War is a dirty business. Sacrifices are made, morals are lost and cruelty is a necessity. However, Drosula too sacrifices her relationship with Mandras when she chooses to go to Pelagias defense instead of Mandras. Drosula gives up her bond with her son in order to stand by what she believes is morally correct and what she knows has happened: war has corrupted her son. When she stands up to her son, it shows the ferocity of Drosula as well as the strength and power of women. Finally, sacrifices that are made instinctively for the people they love most are from Doctor Iannis, Carlo and Pelagia. These three characters are the protagonists of the novel and their stories weigh the most in the book therefore it is not surprising that their sacrifice is the most noble. These three characters make Carlos statement true that Love will make men dare to die for their beloved-Love alone. Iannis and Carlo are similar because they both knowingly sacrifice their lives for the people they love most. Iannis sacrifices his life when he saves Pelagia and Drosula out of the earthquake. Iannis who used to be so full of vibrance and fire, by the end was so futile and traumatized by his concentration, still managed to push himself out of eight years of silence and cry Get out! Get out! Save yourselves! . This truly shows the meaning of sacrifice and how much his family meant to him. Iannis sacrifice is instinctive more so than it is conscious which is unlikely in this novel. Carlos sacrifice is also instinctive when he rushes out to pull Francescos body back into the trench. By merely stepping out of the safety of the trench, Carlo is already risking his life for Francesco. Carlos sacrifice for Corelli however is a decision rather than a sacrifice. Although he did give up his life in order to save Corellis, Carlo chose to stand to attention next to Corelli. There is also an element of self-interest when Carlo stands in front of Corelli. Carlo joins the army in order to be with other beautiful men and because he wishes to escape the scornful eyes of society, rather than to fight for his country and when he finally does get to die a proper soldiers death and for someone he loves, he is glad to die at last. However by joining the army he is also sacrificing the physical union in order to retain comradeship with the other men. Pelagia makes an unconscious sacrifice for the man she loves. By allowing him to escape Cephallonia she is not only taking a chance that she will not get caught but also unknowingly sacrificing their love. However although her sacrifice at the time was instinctive, waiting thirty years for Corelli was not. Pelagia deliberately waits for Corelli, despite no certainty of his return and literally watches her youth and beauty slip through her fingers. By the end of the novel, she has transformed from a woman of beauty and youth to an embittered, senile old lady. Whilst waiting for Corelli, Pelagia also adopts Antonia, thereby limiting her choices and giving up the chance to live. Almost every person in this novel sacrifices a part of their lives, whether it may be for someone they love or for themselves. This theme of De Bernieres ties the novel and its characters together; they all feel the pain of losing dignity, happiness, loved ones and their lives.

Lo que hay que saber sobre la mayoría de edad en EEUU

Lo que hay que saber sobre la mayorà ­a de edad en EEUU En Estados Unidos, cada  estado establece la edad de mayorà ­a de edad. Es importante saberla porque  a partir de la misma se considera a una persona como adulta. Si bien hay importantes excepciones para determinados cosas e incluso para efectos migratorios. Por su importancia legal, en este artà ­culo se informa sobre las distintas edades de mayorà ­a segà ºn los estados y cundo, a pesar de ser menores de edad, pueden ser juzgados como adulto. Adems, cules son los actos que un menor de edad puede hacer con efectos legales y cules le estn prohibidos a pesar de ser mayor de edad y, finalmente,  cules son los casos en los que la edad determina derechos desde el punto de vista migratorio. Adems, se resalta el tema de la edad para consentimiento sexual, ya que si no se respetan las reglas de cada estado, podrà ­a haber problemas. Edad de mayorà ­a de edad en Estados Unidos por estados y Puerto Rico Este es un asunto que regula cada estado. 47 de ellos y el Distrito de Columbia -la ciudad de Washington D.C.- han decidido que la mayorà ­a de edad es a los 18 aà ±os. Sin embargo hay tres importantes excepciones: dos estados han seà ±alado que se alcanza la mayorà ­a de edad a los 19: Alabama y Nebraska. Y uno a los 21: Mississippi. Con independencia del estado, todos los ciudadanos americanos mayores de 18 aà ±os pueden votar en elecciones federales, porque asà ­ lo establece la Constitucià ³n. En el estado libre asociado de Puerto Rico la edad de mayorà ­a de edad quedà ³ fijada en 18 aà ±os. En quà © casos menores de edad pueden actuar como si fueran personas adultas Hay que consultar con las leyes de cada estado, a que hay grandes diferencias entre ellos. Un buen nà ºmero de estados considera que en determinadas circunstancias los menores de 18 aà ±os son mayores de edad, generalmente en casos de: emancipacià ³n judicialmatrimonioestar alistado en el Ejà ©rcito, lo cual es frecuente por sus ventajas. Adems, algunos estados conceden capacidad para decidir por sà ­ mismo a los menores en ciertos asuntos. Pero puede darse en situaciones relacionadas con: edad para contraer matrimonio. Si se tienen los aà ±os requeridos en el estado para contraer matrimonio legalmente y se tienen recursos econà ³micos suficientes entonces se puede solicitar la green card para el esposo/a extranjero.capacidad para celebrar cierto tipo de contratosCapacidad para demandar en corte por medio de representante (guardin, next friend, etc)Capacidad para decidir sobre tratamiento mà ©dico. Edad mà ­nima para puede ser juzgado como juvenil y juzgado como adulto En Estados Unidos, dependiendo de su edad los menores de edad que cometen un delito  pueden: no ser juzgados porque se considera que no tienen capacidadser juzgados como un juvenilser juzgados como un adulto No todos los estados establecen una edad mà ­nima para excluir a los nià ±os de todo tipo de responsabilidad criminal, lo cual significa que pueden ser juzgados independientemente de su edad. Sin embargo, una veintena de estados sà ­ que han establecido una edad mà ­nima. Asà ­ non pueden ser juzgados los menores de 10 aà ±os en Arkansas, Colorado, Dakota del Sur, Kansas, Lousiana, Minesota, Mississippi, Pennsylvania, Texas, Vermont y Wisconsin. Los menores de 8 aà ±os no tienen responsabilidad penal en Arizona, Nevada y Washington. Dicha edad se rebaja a los 7 aà ±os en los casos de Connecticut, Dakota del Norte, Maryland, Massachusetts y Nueva York. Finalmente, los nià ±os pueden ser juzgados en Carolina del Norte a partir de los 6 aà ±os. Los menores de edad, cuando son juzgados, pueden serlo como juveniles o como adultos, es decir, en corte criminal ordinaria. Como regla general, en todos los estados se establece que ninguna persona mayor de 18 aà ±os puede ser juzgada como juvenil. Adems, se establece una edad menor a partir de la cual una persona es juzgada como adulto. En los estados de Georgia, Michigan, Missouri, Texas y Wisconsin dicha edad es 16 aà ±os y en todos los dems estados la edad mà ­nima para ser juzgado como adulto en corte criminal es 17 aà ±os. Resaltar que a partir de octubre de 2020, en el estado de Nueva York los menores de 16 y 17 aà ±os no sern juzgados automticamente como adultos, como est sucediendo en estos momentos. En todo caso, los 50 estados que componen la Unià ³n Americana tienen leyes que se conocen en inglà ©s con el nombre de transfer laws que permiten que los menores que cometan delitos muy graves, como por ejemplo, asesinato, puedan ser juzgados como adultos con independencia de la edad que tengan. Las modalidades de las transfer laws y sus requisitos varà ­an de estado a estado. Quà © no se puede hacer hasta los 21 aà ±os de edad A pesar de haber alcanzado la mayorà ­a de edad, los menores de 21 aà ±os no pueden comprar bebidas alcohà ³licas, excepto en el caso de Puerto Rico. Sin embargo,  las reglas sobre la presencia de menores en bares o tiendas de licor o consumo en privado,  por ejemplo, en una cena familiar, depende de cada estado. Adems, segà ºn las leyes federales, los menores de 21 aà ±os no pueden comprar pistolas a ningà ºn comerciante. Sin embargo, pueden adquirirlas a partir de los 18 aà ±os si es a travà ©s de una persona privada. Asimismo, pueden comprar rifles y escopetas a un comerciante a partir de los 18 y no hay là ­mite de edad cuando se trata de adquisiciones privadas. En el tema de compra de armas, adems de las leyes federales hay que respetar las leyes del estado en el que se vive. Varios de los estados imponen un mà ­nimo de 21 aà ±os de edad para comprar y/o poseer pistolas, por ejemplo California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, Nueva Jersey, Nueva York, Rhode Island, Washington, Wyoming y la ciudad de Washington D.C. Consecuencias de la edad en asuntos migratorios A efectos migratorios, son varios los casos en los que se considera a una persona como infante (child) mientras es menor  21 aà ±os de edad y est soltero. Por ejemplo, en las peticiones de sus hijos  por parte de ciudadanos o residentes permanentes. Adems, los ciudadanos sà ³lo pueden pedir a hermanos y padres si ya han cumplido los 21 aà ±os de edad.   Otro caso donde importa la edad es el de los indocumentados menores de 21 aà ±os que no estn casados y que han sido abusados o abandonados por uno de sus padres, ya que podrà ­an obtener papeles si califican para el Estatus Especial de Inmigrante Juvenil.   Se trata de casos en los que las leyes migratorias protegen ms all de los 18 aà ±os de edad.   Sin embargo, en el caso de los muchachos que pueden ser protegidos por la Accià ³n Diferida (DACA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) sà ³lo estn amparados los que llegaron a Estados Unidos antes de cumplir los 16 aà ±os de edad. El consentimiento para actos sexuales y la edad Cuando un adulto mantiene relaciones sexuales fuera del matrimonio con un menor de edad, aunque sean consentidas, puede ser considerado un delito, lo cual podrà ­a tener consecuencias penales y tambià ©n migratorias. Para evitar problemas serios hay que tener en cuenta cul es  la edad para el consentimiento sexual en cada estado  Y es que como regla general, la mayorà ­a de edad y la de consentimiento para actos de naturaleza sexual no coinciden y es fundamental tener en cuenta la edad de las 2 personas que realizan el acto à ­ntimo. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Organisational Behaviour and Human Resource Management BEM2004 Essay - 1

Organisational Behaviour and Human Resource Management BEM2004 - Essay Example It includes a discussion of concepts relating to the meaning of work, globalization and the enterprise culture, which are significant factors that influence the existence of paid employment. Paid employment refers to work whereby the serving holds clear or understood employment agreements that offer them fundamental remuneration that is independent of the income gained by the section or department that the person works. The employer may be a business organization, government, non-profit organization or a family unit. The method of payment differs depending on the agreement. It might be in form of wages that can be paid hourly, weekly or per unit of output. Salaries are equal amounts that are paid regularly to the worker upon expiry of the agreed period; while others such as salesmen are paid by commission depending on the amount they sell (Baruch, 2006). The industrial revolution brought major changes in people’s lifestyles at the turn of the 20th century. The global society that was used to the traditional work such as small scale farming, herding, hunting and gathering was transformed in to a modern society that worked in the emerging manufacturing industries and construction and mining companies. The new industries employed millions of people in the early 20th century. Even though employment opportunities were created in the new industries, the wages that the average workers were paid were insufficient. People worked for long hours and were exposed to injuries (Norberg, 2003). During this early period of industrialization, work was structured in a scientific way whereby people were considered as essential components of the machine. They were taught simple skills that helped them perform special functions in the process of production under close supervision by owners. Under such circumstances, workers were dehumanized by the scientific management that was mainly focused on the results rather than the process of production. Performance based pay made

Developing Leadership Skills Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Developing Leadership Skills - Assignment Example In 1970s Robert Greenleaf coined this term while describing a leader who wants to serve people. The leader of this mold would be noble and help people around him without any desire for returns. He is highly democratic, selfless and achieves power on the basis of ethical values and right approach; but would never demand it. These leaders would not resent if leadership and power are above their reach. They are just, honest and sincere in their work and do not expect returns. They do not compete for leadership; mostly leadership comes to them unsolicited. They are neither power-grabbers nor power-snatchers. Servant leader would serve first and may or may not be a formal leader. It is about collaboration, trust, listening, foresight, honesty, sincerity, and ethical use of power and empowerment. Greenleaf said "It begins with the natural feeling that one wants to serve, to serve first. Then conscious choice brings one to aspire to lead. He or she is sharply different from the person who is the leader first, perhaps because of the need to assuage an unusual power drive or to acquire material possessions" http://www.greenleaf.org/leadership/servant-leadership/What-is-Servant-Leadership.html He thought that in the late 20th century, traditionally autocratic and hierarchical leaderships are vanishing and Servant leadership with ethically caring involvement is emerging. It is succeeding through trust, bravery, and forgiveness. Greenleaf Centre for Servant leadership lays down the mission statement with 10 principles: "Listening, empathy, awareness, persuasion, conceptualization, foresight, stewardship, commitment to the growth of people and building community". "Servant-leaders are aware that the shift from local communities to large institutions as the primary shaper of human lives has changed our perceptions and caused a send of loss. Servant-leaders seek to identify a means for building community among those who work within a given institution" http://www.butler.edu/studentlife/hampton/principles.htm I am of the opinion that all these principles suit my temperament and the ultimate goals I have and they would shape my career in life. In this context, I am impressed by Peter Shelden, whom I met in Pakistan during my last visit thereafter earthquakes. Peter Shelden is an American, in charge of a non-government organization that is working in the earthquake hit areas of Kashmir. It is difficult to see a worse example of a disaster compared to what happened 'when the mountains moved'. In October 2005, an earthquake left three million people homeless and 200,000 people injured in Pakistan-administered Kashmir and North-West Frontier Province. Peter's team was providing health services, psycho-social service, and training and rehabilitation. Understandably, it was not an easy job. They were braving the Himalayan winter in temporary sheds and tents and the country was not theirs and the suffering people were not their countrymen. They owed nothing to this suffering lot. Still, throughou t my stay there, trying to help the people in distress, I had seen an amazing commitment in him, with a focussed desire to serve humanity, irrespective of race, region, and color. Â  

Impression of the Culture Essay Example for Free

Impression of the Culture Essay Prior to working in government, I worked in the private sector. In comparison of the two cultures, I realize that politics exist in both cultures and it is a game that I really do not like to play. My impression of the two cultures leave a lot to be desired in the sense that I am one who is not afraid of hard work; I am always committed to the job. However, working in the private sector gave me a greater sense of satisfaction: I could prioritize my work and get things done; there was less bureaucracy. I could determine what was good for the organization, share it with my management who respected what I brought to the table and implement a cohesive strategy that would benefit the organization. Working in government you have to be prepared and committed to the policies that sometime prevent you from completing your job.(i.e. public interference and internal obstacles) in addition to working with people who do not share the same ideals as you. The government mentality of being a paper pusher was a concept that I fight with myself constantly about. My first few years in government, I went above and beyond what was expected of me because I did not like the feeling of being unresponsive. Working in government I now see what the mentality is all about. I as an individual am not a paper pusher; I am a results driven hard worker who wants to see the results of my hard work; however, being in government you do not control what gets accomplished by your work ethic you only control what is expected of you: meaning I do what I am supposed to do however what road the journey takes does not depend on me it depends on who is going to benefit from the fruits of my labor. The positive side of the two cultures: Private Sector gives you room to grow based on your commitment to work, There is less beauracy to deal with and most are working toward the same goal. In government, when you are given a task, the positive side is that you know it is for the good of the mass and you can envision the end result.

Child Witch Hunts in the Congo :: Informative Essays, human rights, Africa

All in the name of ‘God’ witch hunting has been a justification for many years of the harshest capital punishment of innocent men; children and women. Witch hunts have occurred for more than 200 years and it has been an on going issue of abuse of human rights. Witch hunting dates back to the 14th Century in Europe, the starting point of these witch hunts, and Britain. Thus reaching its peak in America during the 16th Century. The famous of all witch hunting cases was ‘The Salem Witch Trials’. Witch hunting has been a major human rights abuse in The Democratic Republic of Congo. The process of witch hunting and exorcism began during late 2001 and has continued to this current day. Present issues such as this have risen again in early 2009. The witch hunting crisis in Congo has circulated issues of these so called ‘exorcisms’ as being an abuse of human rights as well as child abuse. In order to prevent any further acts of human rights abuse the C ongolese Government has taken a considerate amount of legal and non-legal measures. As the death toll rises to 40,000 due to witchcraft exorcisms, more than 14,000 have been abandoned by their parents. The Congolese Government has used non-legal measures as a means of protecting children’s rights. The non-legal measures were forcefully used by the Congolese Government through rounding up homeless children that were disowned and accused of witchcraft by both their parents and pastors. Abandoned children have been taken into custody by the Congolese authorities, as a use of legal measures, and put into orphanages as a means of protection. Many Congolese authorities have taken use of this opportunity to start addressing the abuse committed against children via the use of non-legal measures. Through the effective use of non-legal measures Congolese authorities have used such measures to re-educate the people of Congo. Using religion as a strong non-legal measure to educate the parents and religious leaders that such abuse on children is unwarranted. In an alarming trend increasing number of children are being accused of witchcraft. This has prompted the government to launch a parliamentary commission of inquiry with a view to toughening the law. Such accusations are specifically prohibited by Congo’s new constitution, which distinctively prohibits accusing children of witchcraft. The Congolese Government has reviewed the constitution through parliament, as a legal measure to prevent child abuse.

The Impact of Colonialism

It is almost a given now that most everyone considers colonialism as a mistake. They thought that the spreading of ideas, culture, and religion would have a positive effect on the native cultures they colonized. In fact though, these changes had an adverse effect on the peoples of these countries. For although many laud the efforts of these countries to spread Christianity, some question the motives of these countries in dealing the everyday needs of these people. In seeing the natives as inferior the mother countries were able to justify their treatment of them. At this time many subscribed to the belief of manifest destiny and social Darwinism. This is the belief in which the colonizing of other countries is justified by the belief that if God hadn†t wanted these people to be colonized He wouldn†t have let it happen, or would have provided the colonized with the same technology which would make an invasion impossible. Another item that has caused a lot of strife within the lives of the natives is in the area of education. For many natives the history of their country before colonization is very foggy. They have been schooled from day one on the histories of their European conquerors, but seldom is the history of the native cultural even discussed let alone taught. This reminds me of the point made in Jamaica Kincaid†s novel â€Å"A Small Place† in which she comments about getting a day off of school for Queen Victoria†s birthday. In the book Kincaid states that most of the people on the island of Antigua don†t even realize why they have been given a holiday. This type of confusion is typical in dealing with the relationship between colony and colonizer. It is however easy to sympathize with the colonizing country because they are teaching the only thing they know. They can†t teach about the native culture because they have no clue of the history. In fact probably the best method would have been to leave the history part of education in the hands of the natives. In other subjects, such as math, the colonizing may then be able to add insights that may not have been apparent to the natives. But as for the history of the country, there is nothing that a colonizing country can tell a native culture that wasn†t already known. As Jamaica Kincaid implies in her book, if there is one thing that was sorely missed after the English left Antigua it is the fact that for the first time in Antigua there were quality built, well organized places to learn. As kincaid explains in the book, the beautiful library built by the British has since been demolished. And although the renovations for a new one were supposed to end years ago it hasn†t worked out that way. The library has now been moved to a tiny apartment above a grocery store. Where once these books had been categorically stacked on shelves, they were now gathering dust, strewn across the floor and randomly inserted into cardboard boxes. This demise of education in Antigua says only one thing to me, that being that the emphasis of the government is in the wrong place. It is true that Antigua has had their problems with a corrupt government that is more interested in padding their pockets with foreign money than doing anything to improve the state of education. For what does it mean when you have a Minister of Education, possibly that you have no education? Often in looking for the hard-hitting effects of colonialism, the biggest effects are often missed. While pondering the effects of religion, commerce, and education, sometimes the effect of prejudice is left forgotten. We must realize that these are human beings that, in some cases, have just recently gained independence from their mother country. The problem with one country capturing another is the fact that the capturing country now thinks they are in some way superior to the country they have defeated. There is an air of inequality in these situations. One country is taught to feel as if their people are inferior and are therefore subject to obey the laws and rules set down by the ruling peoples. The obvious problem that arises from this position is the fact that there is now a proud native people that have been reduced to feeling as though they are less than the Europeans who have colonized them. This in turn creates a ripple effect that infects the future generations that also feel as though they are inferior. Hopefully eventually this lengthy chain ends, and a few are able to see beyond the situation being presented directly in their face. They are able to see that the prejudice is simply one country trying to keep another subservient to their wishes. And are in turn able to avoid the pit to which every other native has fallen victim to. These are sometimes the leaders that are able to lead their countries out of colonialism and into independence. Then again these leaders sometimes end up being as ruthless, or worse, than the colonizing country. This is where Kincaid†s comment from her book must be looked at a little more closely. She states that it is unfair to harshly judge the job of ruling that the Antiguans did after independence. Her point is that if corrupt ruling is all that you have ever witnessed, one can†t be expected to know how to suddenly run a successful country. For in many of these countries they are neck deep in problems with no end in sight. Yes, they were given their independence by the mother country, but in most cases the natives were left high and dry by the mother country financially. In conclusion, it is unfortunate that our world has been marred by the practice of colonialism. And even more unfortunate that so many countries in the world subscribed that same practice. It is hard to argue that we as a people have matured all that much since the days of colonialism. But if we as humans are able to avoid this terrible practice we are taking a step in the right direction.

Discrimination Within The Workplace, Race, Religion,...

Discrimination in the workplace comes in many forms: age, sex, race, religion, national origin and disabilities. All of these are in protected groups by law. The text Business Ethics defines job discrimination as occurring when (1) an employment decision in some way harms or disadvantages an employee or job applicant; (2) the decision based on a person’s membership in a certain group, rather than on individual merit; and (3) the decision rests on prejudice, false stereotypes, or the assumption that the group in question is in some way inferior and thus does not deserve equal treatment. According to the US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) the number of overall cases has been increasing from 1997. Out of 93,727 in 2013, 35% have involved race and 30% have been gender related. Race and Sex have always led the charts with the most cases, but in recent years Disabilities charges have been gaining with the highest percentage of increase. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the main forms of workplace discrimination and the most recent rise in disabilities discrimination cases. Discrimination In the Workplace: Race Race discrimination in the workplace leads the nation with the most cases yesterday and today. It happens more often than anyone wants to still believe. This form of discrimination is based on an employer treating an individual differently based on race, color or ethnic background. According to the EEOC, there have been over 600,000 cases ofShow MoreRelatedWorkplace Discrimination Essay examples1339 Words   |  6 PagesWorkplace Discrimination Discrimination occurs when an employee suffers from unfavorable or unfair treatment due to their race, religion, national origin, disabled or veteran status, or other legally protected characteristics. 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